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The Ecological Footprint summarizes all biologically productive areas in which a population, a person or a product competes. It measures the ecological assets that a given population or product needs to produce the natural resources it consumes (including plant-based food and fiber products, livestock and fish products, timber and other forest products, urban infrastructure space) and to absorb its waste, especially carbon emissions.
The Ecological Footprint tracks the use of productive surface areas. Typically, these areas include: cropland, grazing land, fishing grounds, residential land, woodland and carbon demand on land.
On the supply side, the biological capacity of a city, state or nation represents the productivity of its ecological assets (including cropland, grazing land, forest land, fishing grounds and inhabited land). These areas, especially if left unharvested, can also serve to absorb the waste we produce, especially our carbon emissions from burning fossil fuels.
National Footprint and Biocapacity Accounts (NFBAs) provide the baseline data required for all Ecological Footprint analyses worldwide.
Calculations in the NFBAs are based on United Nations or UN-affiliated datasets, including those published by the Food and Agriculture Organization, the United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database and the UN Statistics Division, and the International Energy Agency. Additional data sources include studies in peer-reviewed scientific journals and thematic collections. Of the countries, territories and regions analyzed in the accounts, 150 had populations over one million and typically had more complete and reliable datasets. For most of these, the Global Footprint Network can provide time series for both Ecological Footprint and biocapacity.
Ekolojik Ayak İzi, insanların birbiriyle rekabet eden tüm taleplerini karşılamak için biyolojik olarak ne kadar üretken alan gerektiğinin izlenmesiyle elde edilir. Bu talepler arasında gıda yetiştirme, lif üretimi, kereste rejenerasyonu, fosil yakıtların yakılmasından kayaThe Ecological Footprint is derived by tracking how much biologically productive space is required to meet all the competing demands of humans. These demands include space for growing food, fiber production, timber regeneration, absorbing carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels, and accommodating built infrastructure. A country’s consumption is calculated by adding imports to its national production and subtracting exports from exports.
All commodities carry an embedded amount of bio-productive land and sea space necessary to produce them and isolate the associated waste. International trade flows are therefore based on the embedded Ecological Footprint.
Footprint can be seen as flows.
Ecological Footprint uses yields of primary products (from cropland, forests, grasslands and fisheries) to calculate the area required to support a given activity.
Biocapacity is measured by calculating the amount of biologically productive land and sea area available to provide the resources a population consumes and absorb its waste, given current technology and management practices. To make biocapacity comparable across space and time, areas are adjusted in proportion to their biological productivity. These adjusted areas are expressed in “global hectares”. Countries differ in the productivity of their ecosystems and this is reflected in the Accounts.
naklanan karbondioksit emisyonlarının emilmesi ve inşa edilmiş altyapının barındırılması için alan yer alıyor. Bir ülkenin tüketimi, ulusal üretimine ithalat eklenerek ve ihracattan ihracat çıkarılarak hesaplanır.
Tüm emtialar, onları üretmek ve ilgili atıkları tecrit etmek için gerekli olan gömülü miktarda biyo-üretken kara ve deniz alanı taşırlar. Bu nedenle uluslararası ticaret akışları, gömülü Ekolojik Ayak
İzi akışları olarak görülebilir.
Ekolojik Ayak İzi, belirli bir faaliyeti desteklemek için gerekli alanı hesaplamak için birincil ürünlerin (ekili araziler, ormanlar, otlaklar ve balıkçılıktan) verimlerini kullanır.
Biyokapasite, mevcut teknoloji ve yönetim uygulamaları göz önüne alındığında, bir nüfusun tükettiği kaynakları sağlamak ve atıklarını emmek için mevcut biyolojik olarak verimli kara ve deniz alanı miktarının hesaplanmasıyla ölçülür. Biyokapasiteyi uzay ve zaman boyunca karşılaştırılabilir hale getirmek için, alanlar biyolojik üretkenlikleriyle orantılı olarak ayarlanır. Bu düzeltilmiş alanlar “küresel hektar” olarak ifade edilir. Ülkeler ekosistemlerinin üretkenliği açısından farklılık gösterir ve bu Hesaplara yansır.
The results from this analysis shed light on the ecological impact of a country. A country has an ecological reserve if its Footprint is smaller than its biological capacity; otherwise it is operating with an ecological deficit. The former are often referred to as ecological creditors and the latter as ecological debtors.
Today, most countries and the world as a whole are running ecological deficits. In fact, more than 85% of the world’s population today lives in countries with ecological deficits. The world’s ecological deficit is called global ecological overshoot.
The Ecological Footprint measures the amount of biologically productive land and sea area of an individual, a region, all of humanity or a human activity that competes for biologically productive space. This includes generating renewable resources, housing urban infrastructure and roads, and breaking down or absorbing waste products, especially carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel. The Footprint can then be compared to how much land and sea space is available.
Biologically productive land and sea includes cropland, forests and fishing grounds, and excludes deserts, glaciers and the open ocean.
Ecological Footprint Accounts use the global hectare as the unit of measurement, making data and results globally comparable. Calculation methods are standardized so that the results of various assessments can be compared.
Biocapacity is short for biological capacity, the ability of an ecosystem to regenerate. Through photosynthesis and powered by the sun, plants convert CO2 and other compounds into plant matter. This is at the heart of regeneration. Biocapacity produces biological materials that humans use and also absorbs waste streams, including carbon dioxide emitted when burning fossil fuels.
The equivalence factor is the key factor that allows different types of land to be converted into the common unit of the global hectare. The equivalence factor itself is a productivity-based scaling factor that converts one hectare of the world average of a given land type, such as cropland or forest, into an equivalent number of global hectares. These equivalence factors are based on an assessment of the relative productivity of land under different land types in any given year. The most recent Ecological Footprint calculations use an index of suitability for agricultural production as a proxy measure of the productive capacity of different land types. Other updated and refined methods for this calculation are continuously being explored.
Within a given land type, such as cropland, the ability of an area to produce useful goods and services can vary significantly depending on factors such as climate, topography or prevailing management. Yield factors allow different areas of the same land type to be compared based on a common denominator of yield. For example, national yield factors for pasture compare the productivity of average pastures in a given country to the world average pastures. These yield factors convert one hectare of a given land type, such as pasture, within a given country into an equivalent number of world average hectares of the same land type. The equivalence factors can then be used to convert the world average hectare of a given land type into global hectares.
The national yield factor for a given land type is calculated as the ratio of the national average yields of that land type, for example German forest, and the world average yields of that land type. Yield factors are calculated each year for each land type in each country.
